1970

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century – 20th century – 21st century
Decades:	1940s  1950s  1960s  – 1970s –   1980s   1990s   2000s
Years:	1967 1968 1969 – 1970 – 1971 1972 1973

1970 by topic:

Subject

Archaeology Architecture Art Aviation Awards Comics Film Home video Literature ( Poetry) Meteorology Music ( Country, Heavy metal) Rail transport Radio Science Spaceflight Sports Television

By country

Australia Canada People's Republic of China Ecuador France Germany Greece India Ireland Israel Italy Japan Luxembourg Malaysia Mexico New Zealand Norway Pakistan Philippines Singapore South Africa Soviet Union United Kingdom United States

Leaders

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Birth and death categories

Births Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments Disestablishments

Works and introductions categories

Works Introductions

1970 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1970 MCMLXX
Ab urbe condita	2723
Armenian calendar	1419 ԹՎ ՌՆԺԹ
Assyrian calendar	6720
Bahá'í calendar	126–127
Bengali calendar	1377
Berber calendar	2920
British Regnal year	18 Eliz. 2 – 19 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar	2514
Burmese calendar	1332
Byzantine calendar	7478–7479
Chinese calendar	己酉年十一月廿四日 (4606/4666-11-24) — to — 庚戌年十二月初四日 (4607/4667-12-4)
Coptic calendar	1686–1687
Ethiopian calendar	1962–1963
Hebrew calendar	5730–5731
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	2026–2027
- Shaka Samvat	1892–1893
- Kali Yuga	5071–5072
Holocene calendar	11970
Igbo calendar
- Ǹrí Ìgbò	970–971
Iranian calendar	1348–1349
Islamic calendar	1389–1390
Japanese calendar	Shōwa 45 (昭和45年)
Juche calendar	59
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4303
Minguo calendar	ROC 59 民國59年
Thai solar calendar	2513
Unix time	0–31535999

Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. It is the Unix epoch time and it was also the first year of the 1970s.

Events

January

• January 1 – UNIX epoch begins.
• January 5
  • The first episode of US soap opera All My Children is broadcast on the ABC television network.
  • An earthquake (Richter Scale 7.7 magnitude) at Yunnan, China kills at least 15,621.
• January 12 – Biafra capitulates, ending the Nigerian civil war.
• January 14 – Diana Ross & The Supremes perform their farewell live concert together at the Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas. Ross's replacement, Jean Terrell, is introduced onstage at the end of the last show.
• January 15 – After a 32-month fight for independence from Nigeria, Biafran forces under Philip Effiong formally surrender to General Yakubu Gowon.
• January 20 – The Greater London Council announces its plans for the Thames Barrier at Woolwich to prevent flooding (the barrier opens in 1981).
• January 21
  • Five lifeboatmen are killed when a Fraserburgh, Scotland vessel, The Duchess of Kent, capsizes.
  • Pan American Airways offers the first commercially scheduled 747 service from John F. Kennedy International Airport to London Heathrow Airport.
• January 26 – Mick Jagger is fined £200 for possession of cannabis.

February

• February 1 – A train collision near Buenos Aires, Argentina kills 236.
• February 10 – An avalanche at Val d'Isère, France kills 39 tourists.
• February 11 – Ōsumi, Japan's first satellite, is launched on a Lambda-4 rocket.
• February 13 – Black Sabbath's debut album, Black Sabbath released; often regarded as the first true heavy metal album.
• February 14 – The iconic live album The Who: Live at Leeds is recorded.
• February 17
  • MacDonald family massacre: Jeffrey R. MacDonald kills his wife and children at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, claiming that drugged-out "hippies" did it.
    

    

    February 11: Ōsumi (satellite) launched
  • Author David Irving is ordered to pay £40,000 libel damages to Capt. John Broome over his book The Destruction of Convoy PQ17.
• February 18 – A jury finds the Chicago Seven defendants not guilty of conspiring to incite a riot, in charges stemming from the violence at the 1968 Democratic National Convention. Five of the defendants are found guilty on the lesser charge of crossing state lines to incite a riot.
• February 19 – Poseidon bubble: shares in Australian nickel mining company Poseidon NL, which stood at $0.80 in September 1969, peak at around $280 before the speculative bubble bursts.
• February 21 – Construction begins on the Boğaziçi Bridge crossing the Bosphorus in Istanbul.
• February 22 – Guyana becomes a Republic within the Commonwealth of Nations.
• February 26 – Chevrolet release the second generation Camaro.

March

• March 1 – Rhodesia severs its last tie with the United Kingdom, declaring itself a republic.
• March 5 – The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty goes into effect, after ratification by 56 nations.
• March 6
  • A bomb being constructed by members of the Weathermen and meant to be planted at a military dance in New Jersey, explodes, killing 3 members of the organization.
  • Süleyman Demirel of AP forms the new government of Turkey (32nd government)
• March 7
  • Citroën introduces the SM at the Geneva Auto Salon
  • A Solar Eclipse passes along the Atlantic coast region. Totality was visible across southern Mexico and across the southeast coast of the United States, Nantucket, and Nova Scotia.
• March 12 – Teenagers in the United Kingdom vote for the first time, in a by-election in Bridgwater.
• March 15 – The Expo '70 World's Fair opens in Suita, Osaka, Japan.
• March 16 – The complete New English Bible is published.
• March 17 – My Lai massacre: The United States Army charges 14 officers with suppressing information related to the incident.
• March 18
  • General Lon Nol ousts Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia.
  • United States Postal Service workers in New York City go on strike; the strike spreads to the state of California and the cities of Akron, Ohio, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Chicago, Boston, and Denver, Colorado; 210,000 out of 750,000 U.S. postal employees walk out. President Nixon assigns military units to New York City post offices. The strike lasts 2 weeks.
• March 20 – Agency for Cultural and Technical Co-operation ( ACCT) (Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique).
• March 21
  • The first Earth Day proclamation is issued by San Francisco Mayor Joseph Alioto.
  • " All Kinds of Everything", sung by Dana (music and text by Derry Lindsay and Jackie Smith), wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1970 for Ireland.
• March 31
  • NASA's Explorer 1, the first American satellite and Explorer program spacecraft, reenters Earth's atmosphere after 12 years in orbit.
  • Japan Airlines Flight 351, carrying 131 passengers and 7 crew from Tokyo to Fukuoka, is hijacked by Japanese Red Army members. All passengers are eventually freed.

April

• April 1
  • American President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law, banning cigarette television advertisements in the United States with effect from January 1, 1971.
  • American Motors Corporation introduces the Gremlin.
• April 6 – BBC Radio 4 broadcasts the first edition of PM.
• April 8
  • A huge gas explosion at a subway construction site in Osaka, Japan kills 79 and injures over 400.
  • Israeli Air Force F4 Phantom II fighter bombers kill forty-seven Egyptian school children at an elementary school in what is known as Bahr el-Baqar massacre. The single-floor school was hit by five bombs and two air-to-ground missiles.
• April 10 – Paul McCartney announces that the Beatles have disbanded, while at the same press conference, announcing the release of his first solo album. The Elton John album is released, the second album by Elton John, but the first to chart and the first to be released in America.
• April 11
  • An avalanche at a tuberculosis sanatorium in the French Alps kills 74, mostly young boys.
  • Apollo program: Apollo 13 ( Jim Lovell, Fred Haise, Jack Swigert) is launched toward the Moon.
  • Chelsea and Leeds united draw 2-2 in the 1970 FA cup final it went to at replay at Old Trafford.
• April 13 – An oxygen tank in the Apollo 13 spacecraft explodes, forcing the crew to abort the mission and return in 4 days.

• April 16
  • Rev. Ian Paisley wins a by-election to gain a seat in the House of Commons of Northern Ireland.
  • The National Westminster Bank begins trading in the United Kingdom.
• April 17 – Apollo program: Apollo 13 splashes down safely in the Pacific.
• April 21 – The Hutt River Province Principality secedes from Australia.
• April 22 – The first Earth Day is celebrated in the U.S.
• April 24 – China's first satellite ( Dong Fang Hong 1) is launched into orbit using a Long March-1 Rocket (CZ-1).
• April 26 – World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
• April 29 – The U.S. invades Cambodia to hunt out the Viet Cong; widespread, large antiwar protests occur in the U.S.

May

• May 1 – Demonstrations against the trial of the New Haven Nine, Bobby Seale, and Ericka Huggins draw 12,000. President Richard Nixon orders U.S. forces to cross into neutral Cambodia, threatening to widen the Vietnam War, sparking nationwide riots and leading to the Kent State Shootings.
• May 4 – Kent State shootings: Four students at Kent State University in Ohio are killed and 9 wounded by Ohio National Guardsmen, at a protest against the incursion into Cambodia.
• May 6
  • Arms Crisis in the Republic of Ireland: Charles Haughey and Neil Blaney are dismissed as members of the Irish Government, for accusations of their involvement in a plot to import arms for use by the Provisional IRA in Northern Ireland.
  • Feyenoord wins the European Cup after a 2–1 win over Celtic.
• May 8
  • Hard Hat riot: Unionized construction workers attack about 1,000 students and others protesting the Kent State shootings near the intersection of Wall Street and Broad Street and at New York City Hall.
  • The Beatles release their 12th and final album, Let It Be.
  • The New York Knicks win their first NBA championship, defeating the Los Angeles Lakers 113-99 in Game 7 of the world championship series at Madison Square Garden.
• May 9 – In Washington, D.C., 100,000 people demonstrate against the Vietnam War.
• May 10 – The Boston Bruins win their first Stanley Cup since 1941 when Bobby Orr scores a goal 40 seconds into overtime for a 4-3 victory which completed a four-game sweep of the St. Louis Blues.
• May 11
  • Henry Marrow is murdered in a violent hate crime in Oxford, North Carolina.
  • Lubbock Tornado: An F5 tornado hits downtown Lubbock, Texas, the first to hit a downtown district of a major city since Topeka, Kansas in 1966; 28 are killed.
• May 14
  • Ulrike Meinhof helps Andreas Baader escape.
  • In the second day of violent demonstrations at Jackson State University in Jackson, Mississippi, state law enforcement officers fire into the demonstrators, killing 2 and injuring 12.
• May 17 – Thor Heyerdahl sets sail from Morocco on the papyrus boat Ra II, to sail the Atlantic Ocean.
• May 23 – A fire occurs in the Britannia Bridge over the Menai Strait near Bangor, Caernarfonshire, Wales, contributing to its partial destruction and amounting to approximately £1,000,000 worth of fire damage.
• May 24 – The scientific drilling of the Kola Superdeep Borehole begins in the USSR.
• May 26 – The Soviet Tupolev Tu-144 becomes the first commercial transport to exceed Mach 2.
• May 27 – A British expedition climbs the south face of Annapurna I.
• May 31
  • The 1970 Ancash earthquake causes a landslide that buries the town of Yungay, Peru; more than 47,000 people are killed.
  • The 1970 FIFA World Cup is inaugurated in Mexico.

June

• June 1 – Soyuz 9, a two man spacecraft, is launched in the Soviet Union.
• June 2 – Norway announces that it has rich oil deposits off its North Sea coast.
• June 4 – Tonga gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• June 6 – A D-Day celebration is held in Washington, D.C..
• June 7 – The Who become the first act to perform rock music (their rock opera, Tommy) at the Metropolitan Opera House, New York.
• June 8 – A coup in Argentina brings a new junta of service chiefs; on June 18, Roberto M. Levingston becomes President.
• June 11 – The United States gets its first female generals: Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington.
• June 12 – N.D.F.L.O.A.G. guerrillas attack military garrisons at Izki and Nizwa in Oman.
• June 18 – United Kingdom general election, 1970: the Conservative Party wins and Edward Heath becomes Prime Minister, ousting the Labour government of Harold Wilson after nearly six years in power. The election result was something of a surprise, as most of the opinion polls had predicted a third successive Labour win.
• June 21
  • Brazil defeats Italy 4–1 to win the 1970 FIFA World Cup.
  • Penn Central declares Section 77 bankruptcy, largest ever US corporate bankruptcy up to this date.
• June 24 – The United States Senate repeals the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
• June 28 – U.S. ground troops withdraw from Cambodia.
• June 30 – Riverfront Stadium in Cincinnati opens.

July

• July 1
  • Colorado State College changes its name to University of Northern Colorado.
  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is subordinated to Public Health Service.
• July 3 – The French Army detonates a 914 kiloton thermonuclear device in the Mururoa Atoll. It is their fourth and largest nuclear test.
• July 4
  • A chartered Dan-Air De Havilland Comet crashes into the mountains north of Barcelona; at least 112 people are killed.
  • Bob Hope and other entertainers gather in Washington, D.C. for Honour America Day, a nonpartisan holiday event.
  • Longtime radio music countdown show American Top 40 debuts on 5 U.S. stations with Casey Kasem as host.
• July 5 – Air Canada Flight 621 crashes at Toronto International Airport, Toronto, Ontario; all 109 passengers and crew are killed.
• July 11 – The first tunnel under the Pyrenees links the towns of Aragnouet (France) and Bielsa (Spain).
• July 12 – Thor Heyerdahl's papyrus boat Ra II arrives in Barbados.
• July 16 – Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh opens.
• July 21 – The Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed.
• July 23
  • Said bin Taimur, Sultan of Muscat and Oman, is deposed in a palace coup by his son, Qaboos.
  • Two CS gas canisters are thrown into the chamber of the British House of Commons.
• July 30 – Damages totalling £485,528 are awarded to 28 Thalidomide victims.
• July 31 – NBC anchor Chet Huntley retires from full-time broadcasting.

August

• August 7 – Harold Haley, Marin County Superior Court Judge, is taken hostage and murdered, in an effort to free George Jackson from police custody.
• August 17– August 18 – The U.S. sinks 418 containers of nerve gas into the Gulf Stream near the Bahamas.
• August 17 – Venera program: Venera 7 is launched. It later becomes the first spacecraft to successfully transmit data from the surface of another planet.
• August 26 – The Women's Strike for Equality takes place down Fifth Avenue in New York City.
• August 26– August 30 – The Isle of Wight Festival 1970 takes place on East Afton Farm off the coast of England. Some 600,000 people attend the largest rock festival of all time. Artists include Jimi Hendrix, The Who, The Doors, Chicago, Richie Havens, John Sebastian, Joan Baez, Ten Years After, Emerson, Lake & Palmer and Jethro Tull.
• August 29 – Rubén Salazar is shot and killed during a rally in East Los Angeles.

September

• September 1 – An assassination attempt against King Hussein of Jordan precipitates the Black September crisis.
• September 3 – September 6 – Israeli forces fight Palestinian guerillas in southern Lebanon.
• September 5 – Vietnam War – Operation Jefferson Glenn: The United States 101st Airborne Division and the South Vietnamese 1st Infantry Division initiate a new operation in Thua Thien Province (the operation ends in October 1971).
• September 6 – Dawson's Field hijackings, The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine hijacks 4 passenger aircraft from Pan Am, TWA and Swissair on flights to New York from Brussels, Frankfurt and Zürich.
• September 7
  • An anti-war rally is held at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, attended by John Kerry, Jane Fonda and Donald Sutherland.
  • Fighting breaks out between Arab guerillas and government forces in Amman, Jordan.
• September 8– September 10 – The Jordanian government and Palestinian guerillas make truces they keep breaking.
• September 9
  • Guinea recognizes East Germany.
  • Elvis Presley begins his first concert tour since 1958 in Phoenix, Arizona at the Veterans Memorial Coliseum.
• September 10
  • Cambodian government forces break the siege of Kompong Tho after 3 months.
  • The Chevrolet Vega is introduced.
• September 11 – The Ford Pinto is introduced.
• September 13 – The first New York City Marathon begins.
• September 15 – King Hussein of Jordan forms a military government with Muhammad Daoud as the prime minister.
• September 18
  • Jimi Hendrix dies in London of drug related complications.
  • Black Sabbath releases its second album, Paranoid
• September 20
  • Syrian armored forces cross the Jordanian border.
  • Luna 16 lands on the Moon and lifts off the next day with samples. It lands on Earth September 24.
• September 21
  • Palestinian armored forces reinforce Palestinian guerillas in Irbidi, Jordan.
  • Monday Night Football debuts on ABC; the Cleveland Browns defeat the New York Jets 31-21 in front of more than 85,000 fans at Cleveland Stadium.
• September 22
  • The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is founded.
  • Tunku Abdul Rahman resigns as prime minister of Malaysia, and is succeeded by his deputy Tun Abdul Razak.
• September 23 – The first women's only tennis tournament begins in Houston, known as the Houston Women's Invitation.
• September 25 – The Partridge Family airs on Friday, September 25, 1970 on ABC.

• September 26 – The Laguna Fire starts in San Diego County, burning 175,425 acres (709.92 km²).
• September 27 – Richard Nixon begins a tour of Europe, visiting Italy, Yugoslavia, Spain, the United Kingdom and Ireland.
• September 28 – Gamal Abdal Nasser dies; Vice President Anwar Sadat is named temporary president of Egypt.
• September 29
  • The U.S. Congress gives President Richard Nixon authority to sell arms to Israel.
  • In Berlin, Baader-Meinhof Gang members rob 3 banks, with loot totaling over DM200,000.

October

• October 2 – The Wichita State University football team's "Gold" plane crashes in Colorado, killing most of the players. They were on their way (along with administrators and fans) to a game with Utah State University.
• October 3
  • In Lebanon, the government of Prime Minister Rashid Karami resigns.
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  • National Weather Service of NOAA.
  • NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps.
• October 4
  • In Bolivia, Army Commander General Rogelio Miranda and a group of officers rebel and demand the resignation of President Alfredo Ovando Candía, who fires him.
  • National Educational Television ends operations, being succeeded by PBS.
  • In Los Angeles, Rock and blues singer Janis Joplin dies in her hotel room, from an overdose of heroin.
• October 5
  • U.S. President Richard Nixon's European tour ends.
  • The Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) kidnaps James Cross in Montreal and demands release of all its imprisoned members. The next day the Canadian government announces it will not meet the demand, beginning Quebec's October Crisis.
  • The Public Broadcasting Service begins broadcasting.
• October 6
  • Bolivian President Alfredo Ovando Candía resigns; General Rogelio Miranda takes over but resigns soon after.
  • French President Georges Pompidou visits the Soviet Union.
• October 7 – General Juan José Torres becomes the new President of Bolivia.
• October 8
  • The U.S. Foreign Office announces that renewal of arms sales to Pakistan.
  • Soviet author Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn is awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.
  • Vietnam War: In Paris, a Communist delegation rejects U.S. President Richard Nixon's October 7 peace proposal as "a maneuver to deceive world opinion."
• October 9 – The Khmer Republic is proclaimed in Cambodia which begins the Civil War with the Khmer Rouge.
• October 10
  • Fiji becomes independent.
  • October Crisis: In Montreal, Quebec, a national crisis hits Canada when Quebec Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte becomes the second statesman kidnapped by members of the FLQ terrorist group.
• October 11 – Eleven French soldiers are killed in a shootout with rebels in Chad.
• October 12 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will withdraw 40,000 more troops before Christmas.
• October 13
  • Canada and the People's Republic of China establish diplomatic relations.
  • Saeb Salam forms a government in Lebanon.
• October 14 – A Chinese nuclear test is conducted in Lop Nor.
• October 15
  • In Egypt, a referendum supports Anwar Sadat 90.04%.
  • A section of the new West Gate Bridge in Melbourne collapses into the river below, killing 35 construction workers.
  • The Baltimore Orioles defeat the Cincinnati Reds in Game 5 of the World Series, 9–3, to win the series 4 games to 1 for their 2nd World Championship.
  • The domestic Soviet Aeroflot Flight 244 is hijacked and diverted to Turkey.
• October 16 – October Crisis: The Canadian government declares a state of emergency and outlaws the Quebec Liberation Front.
• October 17
  • October Crisis: Pierre Laporte is found murdered in south Montreal.
  • A cholera epidemic breaks out in Istanbul.
  • Anwar Sadat officially becomes President of Egypt.
• October 20
  • The Soviet Union launches the Zond 8 lunar probe.
  • Egyptian president Anwar Sadat names Mahmoud Fawzi as his prime minister.
• October 21 – A U.S. Air Force plane makes an emergency landing near Leninakan, Soviet Union. The Soviets release the American officers, including 2 generals, November 10.
• October 22 – Chilean army commander René Schneider is shot in Santiago; the government declares a state of emergency. Schneider dies October 25.
• October 24 – Salvador Allende is elected President of Chile.
• October 25 – The wreck of the Confederate submarine Hunley is found off Charleston, South Carolina, by pioneer underwater archaeologist, Dr. E. Lee Spence, then just 22 years old. Hunley was the first submarine in history to sink a ship in warfare.
• October 26 – Garry Trudeau's comic strip Doonesbury debuts in approximately two dozen newspapers in the United States.
• October 28
  • In Jordan, the government of Ahmed Toukan resigns; the next prime minister is Wasfi Al-Tal.
  • A cholera outbreak in eastern Slovakia causes Hungary to close its border with Czechoslovakia.
  • Gary Gabelich drives the rocket-powered Blue Flame to an official world land speed record of 622.287 mph (1 001.452 863 km/h) on the dry lake bed of the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah. The record, the first above 1 000 km/h, stands for nearly 13 years.
• October 30 – In Vietnam, the worst monsoon to hit the area in 6 years causes large floods, kills 293, leaves 200,000 homeless and virtually halts the Vietnam War.

November

• November 1 – Club Cinq-Sept fire in Saint-Laurent-du-Pont, France, kills 146.
• November 3
  • Democrats sweep the U.S. Congressional midterm elections; Ronald Reagan is reelected governor of California; Jimmy Carter is elected governor of Georgia.
  • Salvador Allende becomes president of Chile.
• November 4
  • Vietnam War – Vietnamization: The United States turns control of the air base in the Mekong Delta to South Vietnam.
  • Social workers in Los Angeles, California take custody of Genie, a girl who had been kept in solitary confinement since her birth.
• November 5 – Vietnam War: The United States Military Assistance Command in Vietnam reports the lowest weekly American soldier death toll in 5 years (24 soldiers die that week, which is the fifth consecutive week the death toll is below 50; 431 are reported wounded that week, however).
• November 8
  • Egypt, Libya and Sudan announce their intentions to form a federation.
  • Tom Dempsey, who was born with a deformed right foot and right hand, set a National Football League record by kicking a 63-yard field goal to lift the New Orleans Saints to a 19-17 victory over the Detroit Lions at Tulane Stadium.
• November 9
  • The Soviet Union launches Luna 17.
  • Vietnam War: The Supreme Court of the United States votes 6–3 not to hear a case by the state of Massachusetts, about the constitutionality of a state law granting Massachusetts residents the right to refuse military service in an undeclared war.
• November 10 – Vietnam War – Vietnamization: For the first time in 5 years, an entire week ends with no reports of United States combat fatalities in Southeast Asia.
• November 12 – Soviet author Andrei Amalrik is sentenced to 3 years for 'anti-Soviet' writings.
• November 13
  • Hafez al-Assad comes to power in Syria, following a military coup within the Ba'ath party.
  • 1970 Bhola cyclone: A 120-mph (193 km/h) tropical cyclone hits the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), killing an estimated 500,000 people (considered the 20th century's worst cyclone disaster).
• November 14
  • Southern Airlines Flight 932 crashes in Wayne County, West Virginia; all 75 on board, including 37 players and 5 coaches from the Marshall University football team, are killed.
  • The Soviet Union enters the ICAO, making Russian the fourth official language of the organization.
• November 16 – The Lockheed L-1011 Tristar flies for the first time.
• November 17
  • Vietnam War: Lieutenant William Calley goes on trial for the My Lai massacre.
  • Luna program: The Soviet Union lands Lunokhod 1 on Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains) on the Moon. This is the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world, and is released by the orbiting Luna 17 spacecraft.
• November 18
  • U.S. President Richard Nixon asks the U.S. Congress for US$155 million in supplemental aid for the Cambodian government (US$85 million is for military assistance to prevent the overthrow of the government of Premier Lon Nol by the Khmer Rouge and North Vietnam).
  • The United Nations Security Council demands that no government recognize Rhodesia.
• November 19 – European Economic Community prime ministers meet in Munich.
• November 21
  • Syrian Prime Minister Hafez al-Assad forms a new government but retains the post of defense minister.
  • In Ethiopia, the Eritrean Liberation Front kills an Ethiopian general.
  • Vietnam War – Operation Ivory Coast: A joint Air Force and Army team raids the Son Tay prison camp in an attempt to free American POWs thought to be held there (no Americans are killed, but the prisoners have already moved to another camp; all U.S. POWs are moved to a handful of central prison complexes as a result of this raid).
• November 22 – Guinean president Sekou Toure accuses Portugal of an attack when hundreds of mercenaries land near the capital Conakry.
• November 23– November 24 – The Guinean army repels the landing attempts.
• November 23 – Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma! makes its network TV debut, when CBS telecasts the 1955 film version as a 3-hour Thanksgiving special.
• November 25– November 29 – A U.N. delegation arrives to investigate the Guinea situation.
• November 25 – In Tokyo, author and Tatenokai militia leader Yukio Mishima and his followers take over the headquarters of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. After Mishima's speech fails to sway public opinion towards his right-wing political beliefs, he commits seppuku.
• November 26
  • East Pakistan leader Sheik Mujibur Rahman accuses the central government of negligence in catastrophe relief.
  • Pope Paul VI begins an Asian tour.
• November 27 – Bolivian artist Benjamin Mendoza tries to assassinate Pope Paul VI during his visit in Manila.
• November 30 – British Caledonian Airways Ltd. (BCal) is formed.

December

• December 1
  • The Italian House of Representatives accepts the new divorce law.
  • Ethiopia recognizes the People's Republic of China.
  • The Basque ETA kidnaps West German Eugen Beihl in San Sebastián.
  • Luis Echeverría becomes president of Mexico.
• December 2 – The United States Environmental Protection Agency is established.
• December 3 – October Crisis: In Montreal, Quebec, kidnapped British Trade Commissioner James Cross is released by the Front de libération du Québec terrorist group after being held hostage for 60 days. Police negotiate his release and in return the Government of Canada grants 5 terrorists from the FLQ's Chenier Cell their request for safe passage to Cuba.
• December 3 – Burgos Trial: In Burgos, Spain, the trial of 16 Basque terrorism suspects begins.
• December 4
  • The Spanish government declares a 3-month martial law in the Basque county of Guipuzco, over strikes and demonstrations.
  • The U.N. announces that Portuguese navy and army units were responsible for the attempted invasion of Guinea.
• December 5
  • The Asian and Australian tour of Pope Paul VI ends.
  • Fluminense wins the Brazil Football Championship.
• December 7
  • Giovanni Enrico Bucher, the Swiss ambassador to Brazil, is kidnapped in Rio de Janeiro; kidnappers demand the release of 70 political prisoners.
  • The U.N. General Assembly supports the isolation of South Africa for its apartheid policies.
  • During his visit to the Polish capital, German Chancellor Willy Brandt goes down on his knees in front of a monument to the victims of the Warsaw Ghetto.
• December 12 – A landslide in western Colombia leaves 200 dead.
• December 13 – The government of Poland announces food price increases. Riots and looting lead to a bloody confrontation between the rioters and the government on December 15, and martial law December 17–22.
• December 15
  • The USSR's Venera 7 becomes the first spacecraft to land successfully on Venus and transmit data back to Earth.
  • The South Korean ferry Namyong Ho capsizes off Korean Strait; 308 people are killed.
• December 16 – The Ethiopian government declares a state of emergency in the county of Eritrea over the activities of the Eritrean Liberation Front.
• December 20
  • General Secretary of the Polish Communist Party, Władysław Gomułka, resigns; Edward Gierek replaces him.
  • An Egyptian delegation leaves for Moscow to ask for economic and military aid.
• December 21 – The Grumman F-14 Tomcat makes its first flight.
• December 22
  • The Libyan Revolutionary Council declares that it will nationalize all foreign banks in the country.
  • Franz Stangl, the ex-commander of Treblinka, is sentenced to life imprisonment.
• December 23
  • The Polish government freezes food prices for 2 years.
  • The Bolivian government releases Régis Debray.
  • The North Tower of the World Trade Centre is topped out at 1,368 feet (417 m), making it the tallest building in the world.
• December 25 – The ETA releases Eugen Beihl.
• December 27 – India's president declares new elections.
• December 28
  • Burgos Trial: Three Basques are sentenced to death (3 twice), others sentenced to 12 to 62 years, and one is released.
  • The suspected killers of Pierre Laporte, Jacques and Paul Rose and Francis Sunard, are arrested near Montreal.
• December 29 – U.S. President Richard Nixon signs into law the Occupational Safety and Health Act.
• December 30
  • In Viscaya, Spain, Basque county, 15,000 go on strike to protest the Burgos trial death sentences.
  • Francisco Franco commutes the death sentences of the Burgos Trial defendants to 30 years in prison.
• December 31 – Paul McCartney sues in Great Britain to dissolve the Beatles' legal partnership.

Date unknown

• The Roman Catholic Church creates the first female Doctors of the Church, Saints Catherine of Siena and Teresa of Ávila.
• The first Regional Technical Colleges open in Ireland.
• Sada Abe, Japanese former prostitute and later actress, disappears.
• The Sweet Track, the world's oldest engineered roadway, is discovered in England.
• Alvin Toffler publishes his book Future Shock.
• Sammlung zeitgenössischer Kunst der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, the Federal collection of contemporary art, is established in Germany.
• Xerox PARC computer laboratory opens in Palo Alto, California.

World population

World population
	1970	1965		1975
World	3,692,492,000	3,334,874,000	357,618,000	4,068,109,000	375,617,000
Africa	357,283,000	313,744,000	43,539,000	408,160,000	50,877,000
Asia	2,143,118,000	1,899,424,000	243,694,000	2,397,512,000	254,394,000
Europe	655,855,000	634,026,000	21,829,000	675,542,000	19,687,000
Latin-America	284,856,000	250,452,000	34,404,000	321,906,000	37,050,000
North America	231,937,000	219,570,000	12,367,000	243,425,000	11,488,000
Oceania	19,443,000	17,657,000	1,786,000	21,564,000	2,121,000

Deaths

January–March

• January 1 – Rose Dolly, American actress (b. 1892)
• January 4 – Jean-Etienne Valluy, French general (b. 1899)
• January 5 – Max Born, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1882)
• January 7 – Robert Barrat, American actor (b. 1889)
• January 10 – Pavel Belyayev, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1925)
• January 14 – Harry M. Woods, American songwriter (b. 1896)
• January 18 – David O. McKay, 9th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1873)
• January 19 – Hal March, American actor (b. 1920)
• January 25
  • Jane Bathori, French mezzo-soprano (b. 1877)
  • Eiji Tsuburaya, Japanese film director and special effects designer ( Godzilla, Ultraman) (b. 1901)
• January 27 – Rita Angus, New Zealand painter (b. 1908)
• January 29
  • Basil Liddell Hart, British military historian (b. 1895)
  • Thelma Morgan, American socialite (b. 1904)
• January 31 – Slim Harpo, American singer (b. 1924)
• February 2
  • Bertrand Russell, English logician and philosopher, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (b. 1872)
  • Lawrence Gray, American actor (b. 1898)
• February 5 – Rudy York, American baseball player (b. 1913)
• February 6 – Roscoe Karns, American actor (b. 1891)
• February 14
  • Arthur Edeson, American cinematographer (b. 1891)
  • Harry Stradling, American cinematographer (b. 1901)
  • Herbert Strudwick, English cricketer (b. 1880)
• February 15 – Hugh Dowding, British RAF Fighter Commander during the Battle of Britain (b. 1882)
• February 16 – Francis Peyton Rous, American pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1879)
• February 17
  • Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Israeli writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)
  • Alfred Newman, American film composer (b. 1901)
• February 19 – Jules Munshin, American actor (b. 1915)
• February 20 – Sophie Treadwell, American playwright and journalist (b. 1885)
• February 21 – Johannes Semper, Estonian writer and translator (b. 1892)
• February 22 – Edward Selzer, American Film producer (b. 1893)
• February 24 – Conrad Nagel, American actor (b. 1897)
• February 25 – Mark Rothko, Latvian-born painter (b. 1903)
• February 26 – Terence Patrick O'Sullivan, engineer (b. 1913)
• March 6 – William Hopper, American actor (b. 1915)
• March 11
  • Erle Stanley Gardner, American crime writer(b. 1889)
  • Lucille Hegamin, American singer and entertainer (b. 1894)
• March 13 – Alec Clunes, English actor (b. 1912)
• March 16 – Tammi Terrell, African-American singer (Ain't No Mountain High Enough) (b. 1945)
• March 18 – William Beaudine, American film director (b. 1892)
• March 23 – Del Lord, Canadian film director (b. 1894)
• March 26 – Patricia Ellis, American actress (b. 1916)
• March 30 – Heinrich Brüning, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1885)
• March 31 – Semyon Timoshenko, Soviet general. Marshal of the Soviet Union (b. 1895)

April–June

• April 5 – Alfred Henry Sturtevant, American geneticist (b. 1891)
• April 6 – Maurice Stokes, American basketball player (b. 1933)
• April 11
  • Cathy O'Donnell, American actress (b. 1923)
  • John O'Hara, American writer (b. 1905)
• April 23 – Herb Shriner, American humorist (b. 1918)
• April 25 – Anita Louise, American actress (b. 1915)
• April 26 – Gypsy Rose Lee, American actress (b. 1911)
• April 27 – Arthur Shields, Irish actor (b. 1896)
• April 28 – Ed Begley, American actor (b. 1901)
• April 30 – Inger Stevens, Swedish-born actress (b. 1934)
• May 1
  • Ralph Hartley, American inventor (b. 1888)
  • Yi Eun, Crown Prince of Korea (b. 1897)
• May 9
  • Andrew Watson Myles, Canadian politician (b. 1884)
  • Walter Reuther, American labor union leader (b. 1907)
• May 10
  • Mari Blanchard, American actress (b. 1927)
  • Leslie H. Sabo, Jr., Medal of Honour recipient (b. 1948)
• May 11 – Johnny Hodges, American jazz musician (b. 1906)
• May 12 – Nelly Sachs, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
• May 13 – Sir William Dobell, Australian artist (b. 1899)
• May 14 – Billie Burke, American actress (b. 1885)
• May 21 – E. L. Grant Watson, Australian scientist and writer (b. 1885)
• May 29
  • John Gunther, American writer (b. 1901)
  • Eva Hesse, German-born American sculptor (b. 1936)
• May 31 – Terry Sawchuk, Canadian hockey player (b. 1929)
• June 1 – George Watkins, American baseball player (b. 1900)
• June 2
  • Albert Lamorisse, French filmmaker (b. 1922)
  • Bruce McLaren, Formula 1 driver (b. 1937)
• June 3 – Hjalmar Schacht, Nazi German economic minister (b. 1877)
• June 4 – Sonny Tufts, American actor (b. 1911)
• June 7 – E. M. Forster, English writer (b. 1879)
• June 8 – Abraham Maslow, American psychologist (b. 1908)
• June 11 – Alexander Kerensky, Russian revolutionary politician (b. 1881)
• June 14 – William H. Daniels, American cinematographer (b. 1901)
• June 16
  • Heino Eller, Estonian composer and composition teacher (b. 1887)
  • Brian Piccolo, American football star (b. 1943)
• June 21 – Sukarno, President of Indonesia (b. 1901)
• June 26 – Leopoldo Marechal, Argentine writer (b. 1900)
• June 27 – Daniel Kinsey, American hurdler (b. 1902)
• June 30 – Arthur Leslie, British actor (b. 1901)

July–September

• July 6 – Marjorie Rambeau, American actress (b. 1889)
• July 10 – Bjarni Benediktsson, Icelandic foreign and later prime minister (b. 1908)
• July 14 – Preston Foster, American actor (b. 1900)
• July 19 – Egon Eiermann, German architect (b. 1904)
• July 21 – Bob Kalsu, American football player (b. 1945)
• July 22 – Fritz Kortner, Austrian-born director (b. 1892)
• July 24 – Peter de Noronha, Indian businessman (b. 1897)
• July 27 – António de Oliveira Salazar, Prime Minister of Portugal (de facto dictator) (b. 1889)
• July 28 – Baba Bujha Singh, Indian revolutionary
• July 29
  • John Barbirolli, English conductor (b. 1899)
  • George Szell, Hungarian conductor (b. 1897)
• July 31 – Wilfrid Kent Hughes, Australian Olympian and politician (b. 1895)
• August 1
  • Frances Farmer, American actress (b. 1913)
  • Otto Heinrich Warburg, German physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (b. 1883)
• August 18 – Soledad Miranda, Spanish actress (b. 1943)
• August 19 – Paweł Jasienica, Polish historian (b. 1909)
• August 20 – Mickey Daniels, American actor (b. 1914)
• August 30 – Del Moore, American actor (b. 1916)
• September 1 – Francois Mauriac, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1885)
• September 2 – Marie Pierre Koenig, French general and politician (b. 1898)
• September 3
  • Vince Lombardi, American football coach (b. 1913)
  • Alan Wilson, American blues rock musician (b. 1943)
• September 5
  • Jesse Pennington, English footballer (b. 1883)
  • Jochen Rindt, Austrian race car driver (b. 1942)
• September 11
  • Ernst May, German architect (b. 1886)
  • Chester Morris, American actor (b. 1901)

• September 18 – James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix, American rock musician (b. 1942)
• September 23 – André Bourvil, French actor (b. 1917)
• September 25 – Erich Maria Remarque, German author (All Quiet On The Western Front) (b. 1898)
• September 28
  • Gamal Abdal Nasser, second President of Egypt (b. 1918)
  • John Dos Passos, American novelist (b. 1896)
• September 29 – Edward Everett Horton, American actor (b. 1886)

October–December

• October 4 – Janis Joplin, American rock singer (Mercedes Benz) (b. 1943)
• October 10 – Édouard Daladier, French prime minister, signed Munich Agreement (b. 1884)
• October 17 – Pierre Laporte, Canadian statesman (assassinated) (b. 1921)
• October 21
  • Ernest Haller, American cinematographer (b. 1896)
  • John T. Scopes, American Scopes Monkey Trial defendant (b. 1900)
• October 24 – Richard Hofstadter, American historian (b. 1916)
• October 25 – Ülo Sooster, Estonian painter (b. 1924)
• November 2 – Fernand Gravey, French actor (b. 1904)
• November 3 – Peter II of Yugoslavia, Last King of Yugoslavia (b. 1923)
• November 7 – Eddie Peabody, American musician (b. 1902)
• November 9 – Charles de Gaulle, President of France (b. 1890)
• November 14 – Louis Rich, American entrepreneur (b. 1896)
• November 23 – Yusof bin Ishak, first President of Singapore (b. 1910)
• November 25
  • Louise Glaum, American actress (b. 1888)
  • Yukio Mishima, Japanese novelist (b. 1925)
• November 27 – Helene Madison, American Olympic swimmer (b. 1913)
• December 2 – John H. Hoover, American admiral (b. 1887)
• December 7 – Rube Goldberg, American cartoonist (b. 1883)
• December 12 – Doris Blackburn, Australian politician (b. 1889)
• December 23
  • Mimi Benzell, American soprano (b. 1924)
  • Charles Ruggles, American actor (b. 1886)
• December 24 – Charles M. Cooke, Jr., American admiral (b. 1886)
• December 26 – Lillian Board, British track and field athlete (b. 1948)
• December 30
  • Sonny Liston, American boxer (b. 1932)
  • Lenore Ulric, American actress (b. 1892)
• December 31 – Ray Henderson, American songwriter (b. 1896)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Hannes Alfvén, Louis Néel
• Chemistry – Luis Federico Leloir
• Medicine – Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod
• Literature – Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn
• Peace – Norman E. Borlaug
• Economics – Paul Samuelson