1983

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1983 by topic
Subject: Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Aviation – Comics – Film – Home video – Literature ( Poetry) – Meteorology – Music ( Country, Metal) – Rail transport – Radio – Science – Spaceflight – Sports – Television – Video gaming
Countries: Australia – Canada – People's Republic of China – Ecuador – France – Germany – Greece – India – Ireland – Israel – Italy – Japan – Luxembourg – Malaysia – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Pakistan – Philippines – Singapore – South Africa– Soviet Union – UK – USA – Zimbabwe
Leaders: Sovereign states – State leaders – Religious leaders – Law
Categories: Births – Deaths – Works – Introductions – Establishments – Disestablishments – Awards

Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar).

Events of 1983

January

January 1 - The New Jersey Transit Police Department is created in the state of New Jersey
January 2 - The musical Annie is performed for the last time after 2,377 shows at the Uris Theatre on Broadway, New York City..
January 3 - CITV was launched in the United Kingdom on the channel ITV.
January 3 - Kilauea began slowly erupting on the Big Island of Hawaii and is still flowing as of 2008.
January 8 - A riot breaks out at Sing Sing prison, New York.
January 17 - The BBC launches Breakfast Time, Britain's first ever regular early morning television programme.
January 19 - Release of the Apple Lisa personal computer by Apple Inc.
January 19 - High ranking Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie is arrested in Bolivia.
January 22 - Björn Borg retires from tennis after winning 5 consecutive Wimbledon championships.
January 24 - Twenty-five members of the Red Brigades are sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Aldo Moro.
January 26 - Lotus 1-2-3 is released for IBM-PC-compatible computers.
January 26 - Red rain falls in the UK, caused by sand from the Sahara Desert in the droplets.
January 30 - The Washington Redskins defeat the Miami Dolphins 27-17 in Super Bowl XVII at the Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California.
January 31 - Seatbelt use for drivers and front seat passengers becomes mandatory in the United Kingdom.

February

February 3 - Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser is granted a double dissolution of both houses of parliament for elections on March 5. Bob Hawke replaces Bill Hayden as leader of the Australian Labor Party.
February 13 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan proclaims 1983 "The Year of the Bible".
February 13 - A cinema fire in Turin, Italy kills 64.
February 16 - The Ash Wednesday bushfires in Victoria and South Australia claim the lives of 76 people in one of Australia's worst fires ever.
February 23 - The United States Environmental Protection Agency announces its intention to buy out and evacuate the dioxin-contaminated community of Times Beach, Missouri.
February 24 - A special commission of the Congress of the United States releases a report critical of the practice of Japanese internment during World War II.

March

March 1 - The Balearic Islands and Madrid become autonomous communities of Spain.
March 1 - Swatch introduces their first watches.
March 5 - Bob Hawke is elected Prime Minister of Australia.
March 8 - IBM releases the IBM PC XT.
March 9 - Anne Burford resigns as head of the United States Environmental Protection Agency amid scandal.
March 11 - Australia's First Hawke Ministry is sworn in; Andrew Peacock becomes Federal Opposition leader.
March 16 - The Transmitter Ismaning, the last wooden radio tower in Germany, is demolished.
March 23 - Strategic Defense Initiative: U.S. President Ronald Reagan makes his initial proposal to develop technology to intercept enemy missiles. The media dub this plan "Star Wars."

April

April 7 - STS-6: Space Shuttle Challenger astronauts Story Musgrave and Donald H. Peterson perform the first space shuttle spacewalk (duration: 4 hours, 10 minutes).
April 11 - The National Economic Summit is held in Canberra, Australia.
April 11 - The 55th Academy Awards, hosted by Liza Minnelli, Dudley Moore, Richard Pryor, and Walter Matthau, are held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California with Gandhi winning Best Picture.
April 12 - Harold Washington is elected the first African American mayor of Chicago.
April 15 - American Public Radio is founded (becomes Public Radio International in 1994).
April 15 - The first non-American Disney theme park opens in Japan as Tokyo Disneyland.
April 18 - The U.S Embassy is bombed in Beirut, killing 63 people.
April 22 - Soviet Embassy official Valery Ivanov is expelled from Australia for allegedly trying to recruit spies in the Australian government.
April 23 - Stern magazine in West Germany announces it has the Hitler Diaries.
April 23 - Corinne Hermès wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1983 for Luxembourg with the song, Si la vie est cadeau.
April 25 - Manchester, Maine schoolgirl Samantha Smith is invited to visit the Soviet Union by its leader Yuri Andropov, after he read her letter in which she expressed fears about nuclear war.

May

May 6 - Stern magazine publishes the " Hitler Diaries" (later found to be forgeries).
May 11 - Aberdeen FC wins the European Cup Winners Cup - beating Real Madrid 2-1 in the final played in Gothenburg, Sweden.
May 16 - London police begin the use of wheel clamps on illegally-parked vehicles.
May 16 - NSW Premier Neville Wran steps down, in response to allegations raised by ABC program Four Corners that he attempted to influence the NSW Magistracy.
May 17 - Lebanon, Israel, and the United States sign an agreement on Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon.
May 26 - Powerful earthquake and tsunami hit northern Honshū, Japan, killed 104, injured 163.
May 28 - The 9th G7 summit begins at Williamsburg, Virginia.
May 29 - Indianapolis 500: Tom Sneva wins his first race after three previous runner-up finishes.

June

June 9 - Conservative Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 1979, wins the general election, in a landslide victory over Michael Foot (42% of the popular vote) .
June 13 - Pioneer 10 becomes the first man made object to leave the solar system.
June 16 - Cork Graham, a teenaged war correspondent and treasure hunter imprisoned by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam for 11 months on false charges of spying for the CIA.
June 18 - STS-7: Sally Ride becomes the first American woman in space, on the Space Shuttle Challenger.
June 25 - India wins the Prudential Cup (Cricket World Cup).

July

July 1 - A North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet en route to Conakry Airport in Guinea, crashes into the Fouta Djall Mountains in Guinea-Bissau, killing all 23 people on board.
July 1 - The High Court of Australia blocks construction of the Franklin Dam in Tasmania.
July 15 - The Nintendo Entertainment System goes on sale in Japan
July 16 - Sikorsky S-61 disaster: a helicopter crashes off the Isles of Scilly, causing 20 fatalities.
July 20 - The government of Poland announces end of martial law and amnesty for political prisoners.
July 21 - The lowest temperature on earth was recorded in Vostok Station, Antarctica with −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F).
July 21 - Diana Ross stages a free concert in Central Park in front of 800,000 people, enduring the severe weather but vows to return the next day.
July 22 - Diana Ross and the crowds return for day two of the performer's legendary Central Park show.
July 22 - Australian Dick Smith completes his solo circumnavigation in a helicopter.
July 23 - Gimli Glider: Out of fuel, Air Canada Flight 143 glides in to land in Gimli, Manitoba.
July 23 - The Black July, a communal riot occurs in Sri Lanka. These anti Sri Lankan Tamil riots leaves over 1,000 Tamils massacred and millions of dollars worth of their property destroyed. This pogrom is the beginning of a deadly Sri Lankan civil war in Sri Lanka.
July 23 - Heavy massive rain and mudslide occurred at western Shimane prefecture, Japan, 117 killed.
July 28 - New South Wales premier Neville Wran is exonerated by the Street Royal Commission, over claims raised by ABC ( Australian Broadcasting Corporation) programme Four Corners, that he attempted to influence the NSW magistracy.

August

August 1 - America West Airlines begins operations out of Phoenix, Arizona and Las Vegas, Nevada
August 4 - Thomas Sankara becomes President in Upper Volta.
August 16 - The Bill first airs as Woodentop.
August 18 - Hurricane Alicia hits the Texas coast, killing 22 and causing over US$3.8 billion (2005 dollars) in damage.
August 18 - Five people are killed and 18 others injured when a road train is deliberately driven into a motel at Ayers Rock (Uluru), NT (The driver, Douglas Edward Crabbe, is convicted in March 1984).
August 21 - Benigno Aquino, Jr., Philippines opposition leader, is assassinated in Manila just as he returns from exile.
August 24 - The Old Philadelphia Arena is destroyed by arson.
August 30 - STS-8: Space Shuttle Challenger carries Guion S. Bluford, the first African-American astronaut, into space.

September

September 1 - Cold War: Korean Air Flight 007 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace. All 269 on board are killed.
September 4 - Six men walk underwater across the Sydney Harbour - 82.9 km in 48 hours.
September 5 - Tom Brokaw becomes lead anchor for NBC Nightly News.
September 6 - The Soviet Union admits to shooting down Korean Air Flight 007, stating that the pilots did not know it was a civilian aircraft when it violated Soviet airspace.
September 16 - Donna Griffiths of Pershore in England stops sneezing after a continual series of sneezes for 978 days (since January 13, 1981).
September 17 - Vanessa Lynn Williams becomes the first African-American to be crowned Miss America, in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
September 19 - Saint Kitts and Nevis becomes an independent state
September 23 - Gulf Air Flight 771 crashes in the United Arab Emirates after a bomb exploded in the baggage compartment, killing 117.
September 23 - Violence erupts in New Caledonia between native Kanaks and French expatriates. The French government withdraws the promise of independence.
September 25 - Maze Prison escape. 38 Irish republican prisoners, armed with 6 handguns, hijacked a prison meals lorry and smashed their way out of HMP Maze. The largest prison escape since WWII and in British history
September 25- September 26 - Soviet military officer Stanislav Petrov averts a worldwide nuclear war.
September 26 - Australia wins America's Cup.
September 27 - The GNU Project is announced publicly on the net.unix-wizards and net.usoft newsgroups.

October

October 2 - Neil Kinnock is elected leader of the British Labour Party.
October 4 - Richard Noble sets a new land speed record of 633.468 mph, driving Thrust 2 at the Black Rock Desert, Nevada.
October 4 - Hooters opens up in Clearwater, Florida.
October 7 - A plan to abolish the Greater London Council is announced.
October 9 - The Rangoon bombing kills South Korea's Foreign Minister, Lee Bum Suk, and 21 others.
October 12 - Japan's former Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka is found guilty of taking a $2 million bribe from Lockheed, and sentenced to 4 years in jail.
October 16 - The Baltimore Orioles defeat the Philadelphia Phillies in Game 5 of the World Series, 5-0, to win the series 4 games to 1 for their 3rd World Championship.
October 19 - Maurice Bishop, the Prime Minister of Grenada, and 40 others are executed in a military coup.
October 21 - At the 17th General Conference on Weights and Measures, the metre is defined in terms of the speed of light as the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.
October 22 - In Bonn, West Germany, people demonstrate for nuclear disarmament.
October 23 - Simultaneous suicide truck-bombings destroy both the French and the United States Marine Corps barracks in Beirut, killing 241 US servicemen, 58 French paratroopers and 6 Lebanese civilians.
October 23 - The game show "GO!" premieres on NBC.
October 25 - United States troops invade Grenada at the behest of Eugenia Charles of Dominica, a member of the Organization of American States.
October 25 - Microsoft Word is first released.
October 27 - Pope John Paul II visits his would-be assassin Mehmet Ali Ağca in prison to forgive him.
October 30 - The first democratic elections in Argentina after 7 years of military rule are held.

November

November 2 - Martin Luther King, Jr. Day: At the White House Rose Garden, U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs a bill creating a federal holiday on the third Monday of every January to honour American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.
November 2 - Able Archer 83 began, a NATO exercise that many Soviet officials misinterpreted as a nuclear first strike, causing the last nuclear scare of the Cold War.
November 3 - The Reverend Jesse Jackson announces his candidacy for the 1984 Democratic Party presidential nomination.
November 5 - The Byford Dolphin rig diving bell accident off the coast of Norway. Five divers are killed and one severely wounded in an explosive decompression accident.
November 11 - Ronald Reagan becomes the first U.S. President to address the Diet, Japan's national legislature.
November 13 - The first United States cruise missiles arrive at Greenham Common Airbase in England amid protests from peace campaigners.
November 15 - The Turkish part of Cyprus declares independence.
November 17 - The Zapatista Army of National Liberation is founded.
November 19 - An attampted hijacking of the Aeroflot Flight 6833 in Soviet Georgia results in several dead and wounded.
November 26 - Brinks Mat robbery: In London, 6,800 gold bars worth nearly UK£26 million are taken from the Brinks Mat vault at Heathrow Airport. Only a fraction of the gold is ever recovered, and only 2 men are convicted of the crime.
November 27 - A Colombian Avianca Flight 11 crashes near Barajas Airport of Madrid, Spain killing 181 of the 192 on board.
November 29 - Soviet invasion of Afghanistan: The United Nations General Assembly passes United Nations Resolution 37/37, stating that the Soviet Union should withdraw from Afghanistan.

December

December 5 - ICIMOD established and inaugurated with its headquarters in Kathmandu, Nepal, and legitimised through an Act of Parliament in Nepal in the same year.
December 7 - Two Spanish passenger planes collide on the foggy runway at a Madrid airport killing 90.
December 9 - The Australian Dollar is floated, by Federal treasurer Paul Keating. Under the old flexible peg system, the Reserve Bank bought and sold all Australian dollars and cleared the market at the end of the day. This initiative is taken by the government of Bob Hawke.
December 10 - Military rule ends and democracy is restored in Argentina.
December 11 - Grêmio (Brazil) becomes the new soccer world champion, after beating Hamburger SV (Germany) by 2-1.
December 13 - The Denver Nuggets and the visiting Detroit Pistons combine for an NBA record 370 points, with Detroit winning in triple overtime, 186-184.
December 17 - A discotheque fire in Madrid, Spain, kills 83 people.
December 17 - A Provisional IRA car bomb kills 6 Christmas shoppers and injures 90 outside Harrods in London.
December 27 - A propane explosion in Buffalo, New York kills five firefighters and two civilians.
December 29 - The Reverend Jesse Jackson travels to Syria to secure the release of U.S. Navy Lieutenant Robert Goodman, who has been in Syrian captivity after being shot down over the country on a reconnaissance mission.
December 31 - Brunei gains independence from the United Kingdom.
December 31 - Two bombs explode in France. One on the Paris train kills 3 and injures 19. The other at Marseille station kills 2 and injures 34.

Ongoing

Chadian Civil War (1965-1993)
Cold War (1945-1991)
Namibian War of Independence (1966-1988)
Second Malayan Emergency (1967-1989)
South African Border War (1965-1989)
The Troubles in Northern Ireland (1968-1998)
Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990)

1983 in other calendars
Gregorian calendar	1983 MCMLXXXIII
Ab urbe condita	2736
Armenian calendar	1432 ԹՎ ՌՆԼԲ
Assyrian calendar	6733
Bahá'í calendar	139–140
Bengali calendar	1390
Berber calendar	2933
British Regnal year	31 Eliz. 2 – 32 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar	2527
Burmese calendar	1345
Byzantine calendar	7491–7492
Chinese calendar	壬戌年十一月十八日 (4619/4679-11-18) — to — 癸亥年十一月廿八日 (4620/4680-11-28)
Coptic calendar	1699–1700
Ethiopian calendar	1975–1976
Hebrew calendar	5743–5744
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	2039–2040
- Shaka Samvat	1905–1906
- Kali Yuga	5084–5085
Holocene calendar	11983
Igbo calendar
- Ǹrí Ìgbò	983–984
Iranian calendar	1361–1362
Islamic calendar	1403–1404
Japanese calendar	Shōwa 58 (昭和58年)
Juche calendar	72
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4316
Minguo calendar	ROC 72 民國72年
Thai solar calendar	2526
Unix time	410227200–441763199

Deaths

January-March

January 2 - Dick Emery, British comedian (b. 1915)
January 10 - Roy DeMeo, Mafia hitman (b. 1942)
January 11 - Shri Ghanshyam Das Birla, Indian industrialist and educator (b. 1894)
January 15 - Meyer Lansky, Russian-born gangster (b. 1902)
January 23 - Fred Bakewell, English cricketer (b. 1908)
January 24 - George Cukor, American film director (b. 1899)
January 26 - Paul "Bear" Bryant- college football coach (b. 1913)
January 27 - Georges Bidault, French Resistance leader (b. 1899)
January 27 - Louis de Funès, French actor (b. 1899)
January 28 - Frank Forde, fifteenth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1890)
January 28 - Billy Fury, British Rock 'n' Roll artist (b. 1940)
February 4 - Karen Carpenter, American singer and drummer (b. 1950)
February 12 - Eubie Blake, American musician and songwriter (b. 1887)
February 14 - Lina Radke, German athlete (b. 1903)
February 22 - Sir Adrian Boult, English conductor (b. 1889)
February 23 - Herbert Howells, English composer (b. 1892)
February 25 - Tennessee Williams, American playwright (b. 1911)
February 27 - Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev, Russian astronomer and astrophysicist (b. 1908)
February 28 - Winifred Atwell, British pianist (b. 1914)
March 3 - Hergé, Belgian comics creator (b. 1907)
March 3 - Arthur Koestler, Austrian writer (b. 1905)
March 8 - William Walton, English composer (b. 1902)
March 9 - Ulf von Euler, Swedish physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
March 15 - Rebecca West, English-born writer (b. 1892)
March 17 - Haldan Keffer Hartline, American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
March 27 - Elsie Eaves, American civil engineer, George Norlin Silver Medal from the University of Colorado (b. 1898)

April-June

April 4 - Gloria Swanson, American actress (b. 1897)
April 22 - Earl 'Fatha' Hines, American musician (b. 1903)
April 30 - George Balanchine, choreographer (b. 1904)
April 30 - McKinley "Muddy Waters" Morganfield, American musician (b. 1915)
May 2 - Norm Van Brocklin, former National Football League quarterback (b. 1926)
May 8 - John Fante, American writer (b. 1909)
May 14 - Roger J. Traynor, American judge (b. 1900)
May 18 - Frank Aiken, Irish Foreign Minister (b. 1898)
May 19 - Jean Rey, President of the European Commission (b. 1902)
May 21 - Kenneth Clark, British art historian (b. 1903)
May 22 - Albert Claude, Belgian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1899)
May 31 - Jack Dempsey, American heavyweight champion boxer (b. 1895)
June 2 - Stan Rogers, Canadian musician (b. 1949)
June 8 - Miško Kranjec, Slovenian writer (b. 1908)
June 10 - Larry Hooper, American singer, The Lawrence Welk Show (b. 1917)
June 12 - Norma Shearer, Canadian-born actress
June 18 - Marianne Brandt, German industrial designer (b. 1893)
June 25 - Alberto Ginastera, Argentine composer (b. 1916)

July-September

July 1 - Buckminster Fuller, American architect (b. 1895)
July 11 - Ross Macdonald, American-Canadian writer (b. 1915)
July 12 - Chris Wood, British rock musician (b. 1944)
July 20 - Frank Reynolds, American journalist (b. 1923)
July 23 - Georges Auric, French composer (b. 1899)
July 29 - Raymond Massey, Canadian actor (b. 1896)
July 29 - David Niven, English actor (b. 1910)
August 2 - James Jamerson, American Motown Bassist (b. 1938)
August 3 - Carolyn Jones, American actress (b. 1930)
August 6 - Klaus Nomi, German Pop Singer, Artist, Performance art (b. 1944)
August 16 - Earl Averill, baseball player (b. 1902)
August 17 - Ira Gershwin, American lyricist (b. 1896)
August 21 - Benigno Aquino, Jr., Filipino politician (b. 1932)
September 1 - Larry McDonald, U.S. Congressman (plane crash) (b. 1935)
September 10 - Felix Bloch, Swiss-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
September 10 - Jon Brower Minnoch, heaviest man who ever lived (b. 1941)
September 10 - Dai Rees, British golfer (b. 1913)
September 25 - King Léopold III of Belgium (b. 1901)
September 26 - Tino Rossi, Corsican singer (b. 1907)

October-December

October 6 - Terence Cardinal Cooke, American Catholic archbishop (b. 1921)
October 8 - Joan Hackett, American actress (b. 1934)
October 18 - Willie Jones, baseball player (b. 1925)
October 23 - Jessica Savitch, American journalist (drowned in a car accident) (b. 1947)
October 28 - Otto Messmer, American cartoonist (b. 1892)
October 31 - George S. Halas, American football player and coach (b. 1895)
November 3 - Alfredo Antonini, American conductor and composer (b. 1901)
November 7 - Germaine Tailleferre, French composer (b. 1892)
November 14 - Tómas Guðmundsson, Icelandic poet (b. 1901)
November 15 - John Le Mesurier, British actor (b. 1912)
December 2 - Fifi D'Orsay, Canadian actress (b. 1904)
December 3 - Troy Bergeron, Arena Football League player
December 6 - Lucienne Boyer, French singer (b. 1903)
December 8 - Slim Pickens, American actor (b. 1919)
December 11 - Sir Neil Ritchie, British general (b. 1897)
December 21 - Paul de Man, Belgian-born literary critic (b. 1919)
December 23 - Colin Middleton, Northern Irish artist (b. 1910)
December 25 - Joan Miró, Catalan painter (b. 1893)
December 28 - Dennis Wilson, American musician (The Beach Boys) (drowned) (b. 1944)

Nobel prizes

Physics - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, William Alfred Fowler
Chemistry - Henry Taube
Medicine - Barbara McClintock
Literature - William Golding
Peace - Lech Wałęsa
Economics - Gerard Debreu

Templeton Prize

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

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